
## Step One

### The first step when you want to use Express Js is:

Open the website [Express.js](https://expressjs.com/)

Then open to Terminal

typing:

```shell:terminal
npm install express --save
```

To run it, namely by:

```shell:terminal
node .\app.js
```

And to use a server that automatically restarts every time there is a change, you need to install Nodemon

how to type:

```shell:terminal
npm install -g nodemon
```

The -g function is a global server, so you can access it anywhere

Then to run the server, type:

```shell:terminal
nodemon.cmd .\app.js
```

But don't forget that even though using nodemon we have to refresh the browser

To use an ejs template please open this link [EJS](https://ejs.co/#install)

How to install it:

```shell:terminal
npm install ejs
```

> The full code of this article is [here](https://github.com/rahmatsubandi/Basic-Express-JS)

#### And what next?


Short learning and understand the basics Express JS

Basic Express JS

# Introduction

Do you often write code? Surely you feel tired if you continue or even often write long code, right? In this article we will learn what emmet is, how it works, and of course how to use emmet.

> What is discussed this time is only emmet for HTML only.

## What is Emmet?

Emmet is a plugin that can be used in Visual Studio Code and other text editor software. Emmet functions to speed up writing our programming languages, such as Java Script, PHP, and many more, even HTML and CSS c

## How does Emmet work?

When we are writing HTML code we will definitely need time to type all the tags, attributes, brackets, quotes, etc. But in emmet, we don't need to write everything down, just a few words, all the tags we want can be created automatically. The following are the main symbols in emmet:

![Syntax Emmet](/images/blog/emmet-syntax/syntax-emmet.png)

## How to Use Emmet

How to use emmet is actually very easy, we just need to write a few words and then just press `TAB` on the keyboard. For a complete example, please see the method below:

![Emmet List Item Example](/images/blog/emmet-syntax/emmet-list-item-example.gif)

---

## Abbreviations Syntax

Emmet uses syntax similar to CSS selectors for describing elements positions inside generated tree and elements attributes.

## Elements

You can use elements names like div or p to generate HTML tags. Emmet doesn't have a predefined set of available tag names, you can write any word and transform it into a tag: div → `<div></div>`, foo → `<foo></foo>` and so on.

### Nesting operators

Nesting operators are used to position abbreviation elements inside generated tree: whether it should be placed inside or near the context element.

### Child: >

You can use `>` operator to nest elements inside each other:

```html
div>ul>li
```

will produce:

```html
<div>
    <ul>
        <li></li>
    </ul>
</div>
```

### Sibling: +

Use `+` operator to place elements near each other, on the same level:

```html
div+p+bq
```

will output:

```html
<div></div>
<p></p>
<blockquote></blockquote>
```

### Climb-up: ^

With `>` operator you're descending down the generated tree and positions of all sibling elements will be resolved against the most deepest element:

```html
div+div>p>span+em
```

will be expanded to:

```html
<div></div>
<div>
    <p><span></span><em></em></p>
</div>
```

With `^` operator, you can climb one level up the tree and change context where following elements should appear:

```html
div+div>p>span+em^bq
```

outputs to:

```html
<div></div>
<div>
    <p><span></span><em></em></p>
    <blockquote></blockquote>
</div>
```

You can use as many `^` operators as you like, each operator will move one level up:

```html
div+div>p>span+em^^^bq
```

will output to:

```html
<div></div>
<div>
    <p><span></span><em></em></p>
</div>
<blockquote></blockquote>
```

### Multiplication: \*

With `*` operator you can define how many times element should be outputted:

```html
ul>li*5
```

outputs to:

```html
<ul>
    <li></li>
    <li></li>
    <li></li>
    <li></li>
    <li></li>
</ul>
```

### Grouping: ()

Parenthesises are used by Emmets' power users for grouping subtrees in complex abbreviations:

```html
div>(header>ul>li*2>a)+footer>p
```

expands to

```html
<div>
    <header>
        <ul>
            <li><a href=""></a></li>
            <li><a href=""></a></li>
        </ul>
    </header>
    <footer>
        <p></p>
    </footer>
</div>
```

If you're working with browser's DOM, you may think of groups as Document Fragments: each group contains abbreviation subtree and all the following elements are inserted at the same level as the first element of group.

You can nest groups inside each other and combine them with multiplication `*` operator:

```html
(div>dl>(dt+dd)*3)+footer>p
```

produces:

```html
<div>
    <dl>
        <dt></dt>
        <dd></dd>
        <dt></dt>
        <dd></dd>
        <dt></dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>
</div>
<footer>
    <p></p>
</footer>
```

## Attribute operators

Attribute operators are used to modify attributes of outputted elements. For example, in HTML and XML you can quickly add `class` attribute to generated element.

### ID and CLASS

In CSS, you use `love#id` and `love.class` notation to reach the elements with specified `id` or `class` attributes. In Emmet, you can use the very same syntax to _add_ these attributes to specified element:

```html
div#header+div.page+div#footer.class1.class2.class3
```

will output:

```html
<div id="header"></div>
<div class="page"></div>
<div id="footer" class="class1 class2 class3"></div>
```

### Custom attributes

You can use `[attr]` notation (as in CSS) to add custom attributes to your element:

```html
td[title="Hello world!" colspan=3]
```

outputs:

```html
<td title="Hello world!" colspan="3"></td>
```

-   You can place as many attributes as you like inside square brackets.
-   You don't have to specify attribute values: `td[colspan title]` will produce `<td colspan="" title="">` with tabstops inside each empty attribute (if your editor supports them).
-   You can use single or double quotes for quoting attribute values.
-   You don't need to quote values if they don't contain spaces: `td[title=hello colspan=3]` will work.

### Item numbering: $

With multiplication `*` operator you can repeat elements, but with `$` you can _number_ them. Place `$` operator inside element's name, attribute's name or attribute's value to output current number of repeated element:

```html
ul>li.item$*5
```

outputs to:

```html
<ul>
    <li class="item1"></li>
    <li class="item2"></li>
    <li class="item3"></li>
    <li class="item4"></li>
    <li class="item5"></li>
</ul>
```

You can use multiple $ in a row to pad number with zeroes:

```html
ul>li.item$$$*5
```

outputs to:

```html
<ul>
    <li class="item001"></li>
    <li class="item002"></li>
    <li class="item003"></li>
    <li class="item004"></li>
    <li class="item005"></li>
</ul>
```

#### Changing numbering base and direction

With `@` modifier, you can change numbering direction (ascending or descending) and base (e.g. start value).

For example, to change direction, add `@-` after `$`:

```html
ul>li.item$@-*5
```

outputs to:

```html
<ul>
    <li class="item5"></li>
    <li class="item4"></li>
    <li class="item3"></li>
    <li class="item2"></li>
    <li class="item1"></li>
</ul>
```

To change counter base value, add `@N` modifier to `$`:

```html
ul>li.item$@3*5
```

transforms to:

```html
<ul>
    <li class="item3"></li>
    <li class="item4"></li>
    <li class="item5"></li>
    <li class="item6"></li>
    <li class="item7"></li>
</ul>
```

You can use these modifiers together:

```html
ul>li.item$@-3*5
```

is transformed to:

```html
<ul>
    <li class="item7"></li>
    <li class="item6"></li>
    <li class="item5"></li>
    <li class="item4"></li>
    <li class="item3"></li>
</ul>
```

### Text: {}

You can use curly braces to add text to element:

```html
a{Click me}
```

will produce:

```html
<a href="">Click me</a>
```

Note that `{text}` is used and parsed as a separate element (`like`, `div`, `p` etc.) but has a special meaning when written right after element. For example, `a{click}` and `a>{click}` will produce the same output, but `a{click}+b{here}` and `a>{click}+b{here}` won't:

```html

<a href="">click</a><b>here</b>


<a href="">click<b>here</b></a>
```

In second example the `<b>` element is placed inside `<a>` element. And that's the difference: when `{text}` is written right after element, it doesn't change parent context. Here's more complex example showing why it is important:

```html
p>{Click }+a{here}+{ to continue}
```

produces:

```html
<p>Click <a href="">here</a> to continue</p>
```

In this example, to write Click here to continue inside `<p>` element we have explicitly move down the tree with `>` operator after `p`, but in case of `a` element we don't have to, since we need `<a>` element with here word only, without changing parent context.

For comparison, here's the same abbreviation written without child `>` operator:

```html
p{Click }+a{here}+{ to continue}
```

produces:

```html
<p>Click</p>
<a href="">here</a> to continue
```

### Notes on abbreviation formatting

When you get familiar with Emmet's abbreviations syntax, you may want to use some formatting to make your abbreviations more readable. For example, use spaces between elements and operators, like this:

```html
(header > ul.nav > li*5) + footer
```

But it won't work, because space is a stop symbol where Emmet stops abbreviation parsing.

## Bonus for CSS

For emmet in CSS you can try it as follows:

```css
body{
  mt10+pt10+mb30
}
```

produces:

```css
body {
    margin-top: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}
```

## Say bye!

We have finished what we have learned on this occasion.
How? This Emmet really helps us in speeding up writing programming code, right?

Actually, there are so many and long if we discuss in its entirety about this emmet. Also you already know that emmet is not only in `HTML`, but emmet can also be used in `CSS`, `Javascript`, `PHP` and others.

In closing, I say thank you very much. Excited to learn it!

# References

For Emmet's complete cheatsheet, you can read it here:

[Cheat Sheet](https://docs.emmet.io/cheat-sheet/)

#### And what next?

Emmet functions to speed up writing our programming

Speed up programming language writing with emmet


# Introduction

Git is the free and open source distributed version control system that's responsible for everything GitHub related that happens locally on your computer. This cheat sheet features the most important and commonly used Git commands for easy reference.

## What is a Distributed Version Control System?

A distributed version control system is a system that helps you keep track of changes you've made to files in your project.
This change history lives on your local machine and lets you revert to a previous version of your project with ease in case something goes wrong.
Git makes collaboration easy. Everyone on the team can keep a full backup of the repositories they're working on on their local machine. Then, thanks to an external server like BitBucket, GitHub or GitLab, they can safely store the repository in a single place.
This way, different members of the team can copy it locally and everyone has a clear overview of all changes made by the whole team.
Git has many different commands you can use. And I've found that these fifty are the ones I use the most often (and are therefore the most helpful to remember).

## INSTALLATION & GUIS

With platform specific installers for Git, BitBucket, GitHub or GitLab also provides the ease of staying up-to-date with the latest releases of the command line tool while providing a graphical user interface for day-to-day interaction, review, and repository synchronization

## Git for All Platforms

-   [Git SCM](http://git-scm.com)

### Related tutorials

-   [Git Cheat Sheet 📄 (50 commands + PDF and poster)](https://dev.to/doabledanny/git-cheat-sheet-50-commands-free-pdf-and-poster-4gcn)
-   [Git Cheat Sheet – 50 Git Commands You Should Know)](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/git-cheat-sheet/)

### How to check your Git configuration:

```bash:bash
# The command below returns a list of information about your git configuration including user name and email
git config -l
```

### Setup

Configuring user information used across all local repositories

```bash:bash
# set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history
git config --global user.name "[firstname lastname]"

# set an email address that will be associated with each history marker
git config --global user.email "[valid-email]"

# (Optional) set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing
git config --global color.ui auto
```

### Setup & Init

Configuring user information, initializing and cloning repositories

```bash:bash
# initialize an existing directory as a Git repository
git init

# retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL
git clone [url]
```

### Stage & Snapshot

Working with snapshots and the Git staging area

```bash:bash
# show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit
git status

# add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage)
git add [file]

# unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory
git reset [file]

# diff of what is changed but not staged
git diff

# diff of what is staged but not yet committed
git diff --staged

# commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot
git commit -m "[descriptive message]"
```

### Branch & Merge

Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes

```bash:bash
# list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch
git branch

# create a new branch at the current commit
git branch [branch-name]

# switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory
git checkout

# merge the specified branch’s history into the current one
git merge [branch]

# show all commits in the current branch's history
git log
```

### Inspect & Compare

Examining logs, diffs and object information

```bash:bash
# show the commit history for the currently active branch
git log

# show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB
git log branchB..branchA

# show the commits that changed file, even across renames
git log --follow [file]

# show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB
git diff branchB...branchA

# show any object in Git in human-readable format
git show [SHA]
```

### Tracking Path Changes

Versioning file removes and path changes

```bash:bash
# delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit
git rm [file]

# change an existing file path and stage the move
git mv [existing-path] [new-path]

# show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved
git log --stat -M
```

### Ignoring Patterns

Preventing unintentional staging or commiting of files

```bash:bash
# Save a file with desired patterns as .gitignore with either direct string matches or wildcard globs.
logs/
*.notes
pattern*/

# system wide ignore pattern for all local repositories
git config --global core.excludesfile [file]
```

### Share & Update

Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos

```bash:bash
# add a git URL as an alias
git remote add [alias] [url]

# fetch down all the branches from that Git remote
git fetch [alias]

# merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date
git merge [alias]/[branch]

# Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch
git push [alias] [branch]

# fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch
git pull
```

### Rewrite History

Rewriting branches, updating commits and clearing history

```bash:bash
# apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one
git rebase [branch]

# clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit
git reset --hard [commit]
```

### Temporary Commits

Temporarily store modified, tracked files in order to change branches

```bash:bash
# Save modified and staged changes
git stash

# list stack-order of stashed file changes
git stash list

# write working from top of stash stack
git stash pop

# discard the changes from top of stash stack
git stash drop
```

## Conclusion

These commands can dramatically improve your productivity in Git. You don't have to remember them all – that's why I have written this cheat sheet. Bookmark this page for future reference or print it if you like.

### Bonus

One-page Git Commands cheat seet by Danny Adams

![ One-page Git Commands](/images/blog/git-cheat-sheet/git-poster.png)

## Thanks for reading

Hope this cheat sheet is useful!

# References

[Education Github](https://education.github.com)

#### And what next?


This cheat sheet features the most important and commonly used

Git Cheat Sheet


# Introduction

Hi, on this occasion I will discuss how to make your own VPN, with the help of OpenVPN.

## What is VPN?

A VPN or Virtual Individual Network (Virtual Private Network) creates a private network connection between features via the internet. VPNs are used to transmit information conveniently and anonymously over public networks. VPN works by hiding the user's IP address and encrypting information so that it cannot be read by anyone who is not authorized to receive it. [[1]](https://aws.amazon.com/id/what-is/vpn/)

## What is OpenVPN?

OpenVPN is a virtual private network system that implements methods for creating convenient point-to-point or site-to-site connections in routed or bridged configurations and remote access facilities. It implements client as well as server applications. [[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN)

OpenVPN is an open source technology that they developed in 2002 by a programmer named James Yonan. The OpenVPN protocol subsequently evolved to toughen web to web and point to the primary connection for business users connecting to industrial networks from remote locations. OpenVPN is designed with a “custom” information security protocol that uses cryptography/TLS/SSL encryption to secure online communications and data transfers. [[3]](https://idcloudhost.com/panduan/apa-itu-openvpn-fungsi-dan-kegunaan/)

### Prerequisite

To follow this article make sure you already have a VPS with the Ubuntu operating system. In the article I'm using Ubuntu version 20.40

### Connect to VPS

To connect to a server that you already have is very simple. You can use the terminal/comand prompt on your computer or you can use PuTTY if you have it, but I will give an example using the built-in terminal only. For the steps, please follow the steps below:

1. Open teriminal

```bash:bash
ssh root@IP_ADDRESS

# NOTE: you can replace root with the user you have, but you don't need to change it, because root is the highest access right in the scope of ubuntu. And IP_ADDRESS replace with your server IP
```

2. If you log into the server for the first time, there will be a warning like this:
   ![bash1](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/bash1.png)
    > Just type yes and press enter
3. Then enter the server password that you have created.
    > (Note: If you are new you will be confused why nothing appears when typing the password, just continue by typing the correct password, because ubuntu is like that)
4. And done, you are connected to your server.
   ![bash2](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/bash2.png)

### Install OpenVPN

1. Please follow the step-by-step below:

```bash:bash
wget -qO - https://as-repository.openvpn.net/as-repo-public.gpg | apt-key add -
echo "deb http://as-repository.openvpn.net/as/debian focal main">/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvpn-as-repo.list
apt update
```

2. Then type the command below to install the OpenVPN access server:

```bash:bash
apt install openvpn-as
```

3. When successful you will see something like the image below:
   ![bash3](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/bash3.png)

> Focus on the red box, it contains the URL, Username, and Password for you to use to login.

Finally the installation is complete, let's move on to the next stage to try the VPN that we have made

### Hello, OpenVPN!

1. Let's try to access the url we have got
   ![vpn1](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn1.png)
   Enter the username and password that we got when the installation process was complete.

2. After successfully logging in for the first time OpenVPN will display an agreement that we can read (if you want😜) just click the **Agree** button.
   ![vpn2](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn2.png)

3. And, here weee gooo🔥🔥🔥
   ![vpn3](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn3.png)

### Setup basic (If you want)

1. In submenu `CONFIGURATION`, click VPN Settings. Scroll down to the Routing section, and select **No**
   ![vpn4](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn4.png)
2. (OPTIONAL) Still on the same page, scroll down a bit, in the `DNS Settings` section, Select **Yes** to `Have clients use specific DNS servers`. And insert `1.1.1.1` for **Primary DNS Server**, `1.0.0.1` for **Secondary DNS Server**.
   ![vpn5](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn5.png)
3. Click Save Settings, after that at the top there will be an alert, click Update Running Server again.
   ![vpn6](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn6.png)

### Create User

1. In the sidebar of the `USER MANAGEMENT` section, click `User Permissions`.
2. Type in the username, check the **Allow Auto-login** section, so that every user who wants to use a VPN must enter a username and password first.
3. Then click More Settings with the Pencil icon, enter the password for the user, the rest doesn't need to be in settings anymore, but if you want, you can do it.
   ![vpn7](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn7.png)
4. Click Save Settings, after that at the top there will be an alert, click Update Running Server again.
   ![vpn6](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn6.png)

### Let's try it

The final step of this article, let's try the VPN that we have created.

1. Enter the given URL (without `/admin`)
   ![vpn8](/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn8.png)
2. Enter the `Username` and `Password` of the users that we have created.
3. And this is the dashboard display from the user, please download the application according to the operating system you are using, you can also download the application on the Play Store and App Store. (I tried it using Android)
    <img src="/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn9.png" alt="vpn9" height="250px" width="250px" />
4. Next, enter the `Username` and `Password`. The Import autologin profile option can be checked.
    <img src="/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn10.png" alt="vpn10" height="250px" width="250px" />
5. After a successful download, the initial screen will look like this: (Remember, I tried it on android). Enter your server IP address.
    <img src="/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn11.png" alt="vpn10" height="250px" width="250px" />
6. When successfully connected it will be like this:
    <img src="/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn12.png" alt="vpn10" height="250px" width="250px" />
7. And this is the list of VPNs in your account
    <img src="/images/blog/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/vpn13.png" alt="vpn10" height="250px" width="250px" />

### Conclusion

Thank you for following this article to the end, I hope the author and readers get useful knowledge in the future.

### Reference

-   [[1] Amazon](https://aws.amazon.com/id/what-is/vpn/)
-   [[2] Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVPN)
-   [[3] IdCloudHost](https://idcloudhost.com/panduan/apa-itu-openvpn-fungsi-dan-kegunaan/)

> And what next?


Installing OpenVPN in System Operation Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

Install Openvpn in Ubuntu


# Greetings!

Hello everyone, on this occasion and in this discussion I want to share a brief cheat sheet regarding the MYSQL CLI command. Let's get started! 🐱‍💻

## Getting started

-   [SQL Teaching](http://www.sqlteaching.com/)
-   [Learn SQL](https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-sql)
-   [Languange SQL](https://www.codecademy.com/catalog/language/sql)

## Related tutorials

-   [MySQL-CLI](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfdtiltiRHWEw4-kRrh1ZZy_3OcQxTn7P)
-   [Analyzing Business Metrics](https://www.codecademy.com/learn/sql-analyzing-business-metrics)
-   [SQL joins infografic](https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/33052/Visual-Representation-of-SQL-Joins)

## Tools

-   [TablePlus](https://tableplus.io/)
-   [DataGrip](https://www.jetbrains.com/datagrip/)
-   [Sequel Pro](http://www.sequelpro.com/) (Only MacOS)
-   [Navicat](https://www.navicat.com/en/products/navicat-for-mysql)

### Cheatsheet

Access monitor:

```sql:bash
mysql -u [username] -p;
// (will prompt for password)
```

Show all databases:

```sql:bash
show databases;
```

Access database:

```sql:bash
mysql -u [username] -p [database]
// (will prompt for password)
```

Create new database:

```sql:bash
create database [database];
```

Select database:

```sql:bash
use [database];
```

Determine what database is in use:

```sql:bash
select database();
```

Show all tables:

```sql:bash
show tables;
```

Show table structure:

```sql:bash
describe [table];
```

List all indexes on a table:

```sql:bash
show index from [table];
```

Create new table with columns:

```sql:bash
CREATE TABLE [table] ([column] VARCHAR(120), [another-column] DATETIME);
```

Adding a column:

```sql:bash
ALTER TABLE [table] ADD COLUMN [column] VARCHAR(120);
```

Adding a column with an unique, auto-incrementing ID:

```sql:bash
ALTER TABLE [table] ADD COLUMN [column] int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY;
```

Inserting a record:

```sql:bash
INSERT INTO [table] ([column], [column]) VALUES ('[value]', '[value]');
```

MySQL function for datetime input:

```sql:bash
NOW()
```

Selecting records:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table];
```

Explain records:

```sql:bash
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM [table];
```

Selecting parts of records:

```sql:bash
SELECT [column], [another-column] FROM [table];
```

Counting records:

```sql:bash
SELECT COUNT([column]) FROM [table];
```

Counting and selecting grouped records:

```sql:bash
SELECT *, (SELECT COUNT([column]) FROM [table]) AS count FROM [table] GROUP BY [column];
```

Selecting specific records:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] = [value];
// (Selectors: <, >, !=; combine multiple selectors with AND, OR)
```

Select records containing `[value]`:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] LIKE '%[value]%';
```

Select records starting with `[value]`:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] LIKE '[value]%';
```

Select records starting with `val` and ending with `ue`:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] LIKE '[val_ue]';
```

Select a range:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] BETWEEN [value1] and [value2];
```

Select with custom order and only limit:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table] WHERE [column] ORDER BY [column] ASC LIMIT [value];
// (Order: DESC, ASC)
```

Updating records:

```sql:bash
UPDATE [table] SET [column] = '[updated-value]' WHERE [column] = [value];
```

Deleting records:

```sql:bash
DELETE FROM [table] WHERE [column] = [value];
```

Delete _all records_ from a table (without dropping the table itself):

```sql:bash
DELETE FROM [table];
// (This also resets the incrementing counter for auto generated columns like an id column.)
```

Delete all records in a table:

```sql:bash
truncate table [table];
```

Removing table columns:

```sql:bash
ALTER TABLE [table] DROP COLUMN [column];
```

Deleting tables:

```sql:bash
DROP TABLE [table];
```

Deleting databases:

```sql:bash
DROP DATABASE [database];
```

Custom column output names:

```sql:bash
SELECT [column] AS [custom-column] FROM [table];
```

Export a database dump (more info [here](http://stackoverflow.com/a/21091197/1815847)):

```sql:bash
mysqldump -u [username] -p [database] > db_backup.sql
```

Use `--lock-tables=false` option for locked tables (more info [here](http://stackoverflow.com/a/104628/1815847)).

Import a database dump (more info [here](http://stackoverflow.com/a/21091197/1815847)):

```sql:bash
mysql -u [username] -p -h localhost [database] < db_backup.sql
```

Logout:

```sql:bash
exit;
```

## Aggregate functions

Select but without duplicates:

```sql:bash
SELECT distinct name, email, acception FROM owners WHERE acception = 1 AND date >= 2015-01-01 00:00:00;
```

Calculate total number of records:

```sql:bash
SELECT SUM([column]) FROM [table];
```

Count total number of `[column]` and group by `[category-column]`:

```sql:bash
SELECT [category-column], SUM([column]) FROM [table] GROUP BY [category-column];
```

Get largest value in `[column]`:

```sql:bash
SELECT MAX([column]) FROM [table];
```

Get smallest value:

```sql:bash
SELECT MIN([column]) FROM [table];
```

Get average value:

```sql:bash
SELECT AVG([column]) FROM [table];
```

Get rounded average value and group by `[category-column]`:

```sql:bash
SELECT [category-column], ROUND(AVG([column]), 2) FROM [table] GROUP BY [category-column];
```

## Multiple tables

Select from multiple tables:

```sql:bash
SELECT [table1].[column], [table1].[another-column], [table2].[column] FROM [table1], [table2];
```

Combine rows from different tables:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table1] INNER JOIN [table2] ON [table1].[column] = [table2].[column];
```

Combine rows from different tables but do not require the join condition:

```sql:bash
SELECT * FROM [table1] LEFT OUTER JOIN [table2] ON [table1].[column] = [table2].[column];
// (The left table is the first table that appears in the statement.)
```

Rename column or table using an _alias_:

```sql:bash
SELECT [table1].[column] AS '[value]', [table2].[column] AS '[value]' FROM [table1], [table2];
```

## Users functions

List all users:

```sql:bash
SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
```

Create new user:

```sql:bash
CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
```

Grant `ALL` access to user for `*` tables:

```sql:bash
GRANT ALL ON database.* TO 'user'@'localhost';
```

## Find out the IP Address of the Mysql Host

```sql:bash
SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name = 'hostname';
```

# References

[hofmannsven](https://gist.github.com/hofmannsven/9164408)

#### And what next?


MySQL CLI Cheatsheet


In Google Chrome there are also several _shortcuts_ that can be used to make it easier to use Google Chrome.
Well, _shortcuts_ are shortcuts in the form of features that have been provided by computers to make it easier for users.

The existence of this shortcut is very useful for _cross-platform_ browsers that have been developed by Google, especially Google Chrome.

Moreover, Google Chrome can be said to be the most popular _browser_ in the world.

Oh yes, Google Chrome has also been equipped with various features that can make the experience of using the internet more comfortable and faster, Adjarian.

Here are various _shortcut keys_ in Google Chrome.

## _Shortcut Key_ pada Google Chrome

The following is a list of popular or frequently used _shortcut keys_ in Google Chrome:

1. `Ctrl + N` = Open a new window

2. `Ctrl + T` = Open a new tab

3. `Ctrl + Shift + N` = Open a new window in incognito mode

4. `Ctrl + O` = Open file

5. `Ctrl + click link` = Open link in new tab in background while remaining on tab

6. `Ctrl + Shift and click a link` = Open a link in a new tab and switch to the tab you just opened

7. `Shift, and click the link` = Open the link in a new window

8. `Alt + F4` = Close the active window

9. `Ctrl + Shift + T` = Open the last tab that was closed (Google Chrome can only remember the last 10 tabs that were closed)

10. `Ctrl + 1 to 8` = Switch to the tab at the specified position number, where the number pressed represents the tab position on the tab strip

11. `Ctrl + 9` = Switch to the last tab

12. `Ctrl + Shift + tab or Ctrl + Page Up` = Move to the previous tab

13. `Ctrl + W or Ctrl + F4` = Close a tab or pop-up

14. `Alt + Home` = Open our main page

15. `F6 or Ctrl + L or Alt + D` = Shortcut to open Google Chrome features

16. `Ctrl + P` = Print our page

17. `Ctrl + S` = Save our page

18. `Ctrl + F` = Open to find pages in tabs

19. `F5` = Reload page

20. `Esc` = Stop page loading

21. `Ctrl + F5 or Shift + F5` = Reload page, ignore cache content

So, those are some lists of shortcut keys used in Google Chrome.

### Try Answer!

What are shortcuts?

#### And what next?


In Google Chrome there are also several shortcuts that can be used to make it easier to use Google Chrome.

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